Facebook_Ketanji Jackson Brown
Andrea Austria / Media Matters

Research/Study Research/Study

On Facebook, right-leaning pages push smears about Supreme Court nominee Ketanji Brown Jackson

The platform even earned up to $12,500 in revenue on ads between March 21 and 27 that promoted smears and bad-faith attacks

During Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson’s Senate confirmation hearing, right-leaning Facebook pages posted more about the hearing than other news and politics pages did — and notably, these posts increased as they coalesced around bad-faith attacks on Jackson circulated by right-wing media and politicians. In fact, many of the top-performing posts from right-leaning pages — and many Facebook ads run from right-wing groups — promoted narratives designed to manufacture outrage, such as claiming that Jackson wouldn’t “define what a woman is” or falsely claiming Jackson has a history of giving out lenient sentences for sex offenders. 

The feedback loop between right-wing media, Republicans on the Senate committee, and right-leaning Facebook pages kicked into overdrive during Jackson’s confirmation hearing between March 21 and 24. During the hearing — and in the days that followed — the right-wing ecosystem propagated bad-faith attacks on Jackson, as senators on the committee generated outrageous clips and baseless narratives that right-wing media amplified and circulated on the air and online. 

Media Matters compiled and analyzed Facebook ads and posts about Jackson’s confirmation hearing posted by news and politics pages between March 21 and 27. We found that during this time frame, right-leaning pages posted more about Jackson’s hearing than left-leaning or ideologically nonaligned pages did, and some of these posts from right-leaning pages pushed smears and bad-faith attacks about Jackson. Facebook also allowed ads from right-wing groups and media outlets that pushed similar smears, earning thousands of dollars in revenue.

Key findings:

  • Between March 21 and 27, right-leaning pages accounted for roughly 37% of posts about the hearing from news and politics pages.
  • Right-leaning pages posted more about Jackson as the hearing went on and GOP senators pushed baseless smears in the committee. In fact, ideologically nonaligned pages posted more than other pages during the first two days of the hearing, but right-leaning pages posted the most of the three groups on each day after that.
  • The posts about the hearing from right-leaning pages that earned the most interactions pushed outrage-baiting commentary that Jackson wouldn’t “define what a woman is” or promoted the baseless smear that Jackson has history of allowing sex offenders “off the hook” and is “soft on crime.” Notably, this commentary accounted for roughly a quarter of the top 100 posts from news and politics pages.
  • Between March 21 and 27, Facebook earned up to $12,500 in revenue from ads from right-wing politicians, organizations, and media outlets that referenced the baseless smear of Jackson being “soft on crime,” particularly sex offenses, or claimed she is unqualified because she couldn’t define “woman.” Right-wing organizations American Principles Project, Gun Owners of America, and Heritage Action for America funded most of these ads.
  • Right-leaning pages posted the most about Jackson’s hearing, as right-wing politicians and media coalesced around bad-faith attacks

  • During the confirmation hearing and in the days that followed, right-leaning pages posted nearly 3,500 times about the hearing, accounting for a plurality — roughly 37% — of the posts about the hearing from news and politics pages. These 3,500 posts earned over 5.3 million interactions.

    Left-leaning pages posted nearly 2,600 times during the same time frame — accounting for 27% of posts — while ideologically nonaligned pages posted almost 3,400 times,  accounting for 36%. 

    Notably, ideologically nonaligned pages posted more than other pages during the first two days of the hearing, but right-leaning pages gained momentum as Republican senators pushed baseless smears that the pages then amplified.

  • Percent of posts about Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson's Senate confirmation hearing from Facebook pages that post about US political news
  • Facebook posts about the hearing from right-leaning pages pushed baseless smears and right-wing talking points

  • Right-leaning pages accounted for 27 of the top 100 posts (in terms of number of interactions) about Jackson’s hearing from news and politics pages. These posts pushed outrage-baiting commentary, with more than half of them specifically promoting the claim that Jackson wouldn’t “define what a woman is” or the baseless smear that Jackson has history of allowing sex offenders “off the hook” and is “soft on crime.” 

    Perhaps more notable than the overall number of posts with high interactions from right-leaning pages is how these pages worked to flood the zone once they had coalesced around specific narratives -- posting more often than their counterparts and outpacing any pushback or counternarratives.

    Posts about KBJ judicial history

    Posts about KBJ not defining a woman

    Along with focusing on those specific smears, top posts amplified exchanges between Jackson and Republican senators, such as Sens. Ted Cruz (R-TX) and Marsha Blackburn (R-TN), who both questioned her on “critical race theory” — the latest absurd right-wing obsession.

    Posts about Cruz and Blackburn questioning KBJ on CRT

    During the hearing, these talking points and smears were also shared within Facebook groups.

    Posts in private FB groups with smears about KBJ

  • Facebook has earned up to $12,500 in revenue for ads pushing smears about Jackson

  • According to data from the Dewey Square Adwatch tool set, right-wing politicians, organizations, and media groups have run at least 72 ads related to Jackson between March 21, when the confirmation hearing started, and March 27. 

    Almost 82% — 59 of these 72 ads — referenced the baseless smear that she is  “soft on crime,” particularly sex offenses, or claimed she is unqualified because she couldn’t “define what a woman is.” Most of these ads, which cost up to $12,500 and earned at least 745,000 impressions, are being funded by right-wing organizations American Principles Project, Gun Owners of America, or Heritage Action for America.

    Facebook ads with smears about KBJ

  • Methodology

  • Using CrowdTangle, Media Matters compiled a list of 1,773 Facebook pages that frequently posted about U.S. politics from January 1 to August 25, 2020.

    For an explanation of how we compiled pages and identified them as right-leaning, left-leaning, or ideologically nonaligned, see the methodology here.

    The resulting list consisted of 771 right-leaning pages, 497 ideologically nonaligned pages, and 505 left-leaning pages.

    Every day, Media Matters also uses Facebook's CrowdTangle tool and this methodology to identify and share the 10 posts with the most interactions from top political and news-related Facebook pages.

    Using CrowdTangle, Media Matters compiled all posts for the pages on this list that were posted from March 21 through March 27, 2022, and were related to Ketanji Brown Jackson’s Senate confirmation hearing. We reviewed data for these posts, including total interactions (reactions, comments, and shares). 

    We defined posts as related to Ketanji Brown Jackson’s Senate confirmation hearing if they had any of the following terms in the message or in the included link, article headline, or article description: “Breyer,” “Breyer's,” “Supreme Court,” “SCOTUS,” “Ketanji Brown Jackson,” “Judge Brown,” “Black woman on the Supreme Court,” “Black female Supreme Court,” “Black woman to the Supreme Court,” “Black woman judge,” “female Supreme Court,” “female SCOTUS,” “SCOTUS nomination,” “SCOTUS pick,” “SCOTUS vacancy,” “SCOTUS list,” “SCOTUS nominee,” “Biden SCOTUS,” “Supreme Court pick,” “race-based Supreme Court,” “Judge Jackson,” “KBJ,” “the first Black woman,” “first African American woman,” “African American woman on the Supreme Court,” “African American female Supreme Court,” “African American woman to the Supreme Court,” “African American woman judge,” “first African-American woman,” “African-American woman on the Supreme Court,” “African-American female Supreme Court,” “African-American woman to the Supreme Court,” “African-American woman judge,” “Senate confirmation hearing,” “confirmation process,” “confirmation hearing,” “associate justice,” “Senate judicary committee,” “Biden’s nominee,” “Biden nominee,” or “Kentanji.”

    We excluded any posts that had any of the following terms for their relation to Justice Clarence Thomas’ hospitalization or current Supreme Court oral arguments: “hospitalized,” “flu-like,” “infection,” “hospital,” “symptoms,” “Sundance,” “Berger,” or “oral arguments.”